Unit and method for processing of shredder residues and uses of a sand fraction produced thus

ABSTRACT

In a method and a system for sorting shredder residues of metal-containing wastes, in particular of body shells, where shredder residues are separated into a shredder light fraction and a non-ferromagnetic fraction (shredder heavy fraction), the method and the system having corresponding arrangements provide that (a) during the sorting of the shredder light fraction and the shredder heavy fraction in preliminary processes and a main process, a crude-sand fraction is produced by separating out at least a ferromagnetic fraction, a fraction containing nonferrous metals, a fiber fraction, and a granulate fraction, and (b) in a refining process, the crude-sand fraction is separated into a residual fraction rich in organics, a dust fraction containing heavy metals, a sand fraction depleted in organics and metals, and a metallic fraction, using the sequential process steps of density separation and metal separation.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for sorting shredder residues of metal-containing wastes, in particular of vehicle bodies, having the features described herein, as well as a system, which has the features described herein and by which the shredder residues may be sorted. In addition, the present invention relates to a use of a sand fraction, which is lacking in organics and metals and was separated according to the method of the present invention.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

[0002] The shredding of scrapped vehicles for breaking down materials has been known for a long time. In carrying out the shredding process, process controls have been established in which the material mixture produced is divided up into different fractions. Thus, a so-called light shredder fraction (SLF) is initially separated from the material mixture produced, using a suitable suction device. The remaining fraction is subsequently separated into a ferromagnetic fraction (shredder scrap (SS)) and a non-ferromagnetic fraction (heavy shredder fraction (SSF)), using a permanent-magnet separator. The fraction of the metallurgically fully usable shredder scrap-metal fraction is often approximately 50 to 75 wt. %. Existing designs generally provide for the light shredder fraction being disposed of as waste or burned in waste incinerators. It is characterized by both a large fraction of organics and a large fraction of fine-grained material. The heavy fraction, which is not able to fly and is not ferromagnetic, i.e., the heavy shredder fraction, is distinguished by a large percentage of nonferrous (NE metals). Special sorting systems have been developed for recovering the various NE metals, where, however, the remaining residue of organic and inorganic, non-metallic components is generally disposed of as waste. In the following, shredder residues should be understood as all material streams from the shredding process, which cannot be directly removed at the shredder as products that are metallurgically directly utilizable (shredder scrap).

[0003] Described in German Published Patent Application No. 44 37 852 is a method, in which the light shredder fraction is sorted, in particular to remove “unwanted components”, especially copper and glass. In this context, the shredder residues are homogenized and mixed in a compulsory mixer with a fine-grained to superfine-grained material containing a magnetizable component, and the resulting mixture is conveyed through a magnetic separator. In this context, it has been shown that the metallic components of the light shredder fraction, which impede metallurgical use, may be separated out in this manner.

[0004] European Published Patent Application No. 0 863 114 provides for the production of a permanently plastic, backfilling material for mines, by adding an adhesive component, a filler, and a salt solution to the light shredder fraction. This is intended to provide a pressure-resistant, permanently plastic body.

[0005] It is described in German Published Patent Application No. 197 42 214 that the light shredder fraction is shredded further and subjected to a thermal treatment. In this context, metallic components should be sorted out during or after shredding, and the remaining mixture of materials should be melted in a smelting reactor and converted to a “harmless” solid by cooling it.

[0006] In addition, European Published Patent Application No. 0 922 749 describes a method for processing the light shredder fraction, where the light shredder fraction is calcined in a fluidized-bed gasifier amid the introduction of or in the presence of calcium carbonate.

[0007] In a further, thermal process, German Published Patent Application No. 197 31 874 provides for the light shredder fraction being compressed again in a further step, and then shredded, homogenized, and reduced in water content, in order to be thermally utilized in a subsequent step.

[0008] European Published Patent Application No. 0 884 107 provides for the light shredder fraction being converted into a metal-free fraction having a shredding or grinding size of ≦20 mm, by shredding, classifying, and sorting it. The sorting of the light shredder fraction should result in a thermally utilizable fraction.

[0009] In addition to the utilization methods shown, it is conventional that the light shredder fraction can be subjected to a pretreatment, in which residual ferromagnetic fractions of iron, V2A steel, and aluminum are separated. Similar methods have also been used for sorting the heavy shredder fraction. Furthermore, it is conventional that polyolefins can be separated from this fraction.

[0010] What the shown methods have in common is, that they are each only designed for processing the light shredder fraction or the heavy shredder fraction. Not provided is common processing with the object of separating the shredder residues as much as possible into at least partially utilizable end products, in particular into a sand fraction which is utilizable as a raw material or can be landfilled in accordance with the current requirements from the TA Siedlungsabfall (Technical Instructions on Waste from Human Settlements) taking effect in a new form as of the year 2005. Against the background of increasing legal requirements (EU Guideline for Scrapped Cars, EU Incineration Guideline, and others), as well as increasing landfill costs and requirements for the material to be landfilled (Technical Instructions on Waste from Human Settlements), an increased utilization rate and an optional pretreatment prior to storage in a landfill is, however, desirable. Thus, the Scrapped Car Regulation of Apr. 1st, 1998 provides for over 95 wt. % of a scrapped car having to be utilized as of the year 2015. In addition, increased requirements from the EU Scrapped Car Guideline passed in September, 2000 specify that the fraction of material streams utilizable as materials and raw materials should be increased to at least 85 wt. %. Therefore, utilization excludes the mere use as energy, e.g., in waste-incineration plants, in which a disposable, inert fraction would be produced as a secondary effect. The emphasis of the Technical Instructions on Waste from Human Settlements to be observed as of the year 2005 is the requirement for decreasing the organic fraction and the elution potential of heavy metals of the fractions to be landfilled. To be able to use the produced sand fraction as a raw material, e.g., as a loading material or an aggregate in cement plants or sintering plants of blast-furnace factories, or as an aggregate for the manufacture of backing brick in brickkilns, it may be ensured, in particular, that disruptive heavy metals and organic components were removed to the greatest possible extent.

[0011] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and the system necessary for it, by which shredder residues may be processed, and by which, in addition to further end products, a high-quality sand fraction usable as a raw material or at least disposable in a landfill for human-settlement waste in accordance with future standards, may be produced in a mechanical sorting process.

SUMMARY

[0012] According to an example embodiment of the present invention, this object may be achieved by providing a method for sorting shredder residues of metal-containing wastes, in particular of vehicle bodies, having the features described herein, by providing a system for sorting shredder residues having the features described herein, and by the use of a sand fraction, which is produced according to the method of the present invention and has the features described herein.

[0013] The method may provide that:

[0014] (a) during the sorting of the light shredder fraction and the heavy shredder fraction in preliminary processes and a main process, a crude sand fraction is produced by separating out, at least a ferromagnetic fraction, a fraction containing nonferrous metals, a lint fraction, and a granulate fraction; and

[0015] (b) in a refining process, the crude-sand fraction is separated into a residual fraction rich in organics, a dust fraction containing heavy metals, a sand fraction lacking in organics and metals, and a metallic fraction, by the successive process steps of density separation and metal separation.

[0016] The prepared end products may either be utilized directly or, if desired, subsequently processed in further refining steps to form utilizable, high-quality products. In particular, the sand fraction may be utilized as an aggregate for use in blast-furnace operations, cement plants, or brickkilns. The sand fraction to be provided for such an application may have at least the following characteristics:

[0017] a loss on ignition of <30 wt. %

[0018] a total organic carbon fraction of <18 wt. %

[0019] a Cl content of <1.5 wt. %

[0020] a Zn content of <1.0 wt. %

[0021] a Cu content of <0.2 wt. %

[0022] a Pb content of <0.1 wt. %

[0023] It may only be possible to render sand fractions from shredder residues available for utilization as a raw material in an economically practical manner, and on a large scale, by removing disruptive metal particles and organic components to a great extent. A sand fraction stripped in such a manner may satisfy the requirements for a material to be stored in a landfill for human-settlement waste in accordance with the Technical Instructions on Waste from Human Settlements in force as of 2005.

[0024] Consequently, at least a high-quality sand fraction, a ferromagnetic fraction, a fraction containing nonferrous metals, a lint fraction, and a granulate fraction are produced as end products.

[0025] Fe, V2A, and Al portions broken down in a preliminary treatment may be separated from the light shredder fraction. This light shredder fraction may be:

[0026] broken down in a first shredding unit, and

[0027] subsequently separated into at least a ferromagnetic fraction and a non-ferromagnetic fraction, using at least one magnetic separator;

[0028] the non-ferromagnetic fraction is broken down in a second shredding unit,

[0029] a fine-grained sand fraction is separated from this fraction, using at least one classifier, and

[0030] the remaining fraction is separated into a lint fraction and a course-grained, heavy-material fraction in at least one density-separation device.

[0031] The procedure shown, which includes the step-by-step breakdown of the light shredder fraction and the interposed method steps for separating out the particularly abrasive ferromagnetic components, may allow the operating costs to be kept low, in particular in the case of the second shredding unit. A further, example embodiment provides for a cellular-plastic fraction essentially made up of polyurethane being additionally separated out in the preliminary process, using a suction device.

[0032] In the preliminary process, the heavy shredder fraction is also separated into at least an enriched fraction containing nonferrous metals, a heavy-material fraction, and a fine-grained sand fraction, e.g., using at least one metal separator and at least one classifier. In addition, it is possible for a high-density, residual fraction to be separated from the heavy-material fraction in at least one density-separation device. The heavy shredder fraction is separated into various material streams from the standpoint of possible, joint processing with the material streams previously produced in the preliminary process for processing the light shredder fraction.

[0033] In the main process, the material streams from the preliminary processes may be brought together in such a manner, that

[0034] the sand fractions are combined into a common, crude-sand fraction, and

[0035] the heavy-material fractions are combined into a common heavy-material fraction, broken down by a shredding unit, and separated by a density-separation device into the granulate fraction and an enriched fraction containing nonferrous metals.

[0036] Therefore, the desired end products and intermediate products of granulate, raw sand, and the fraction containing nonferrous metals are produced in this partial process step. The fractions containing nonferrous metals may then be subjected to a treatment for separating out light-metal fractions, nonferrous-metal fractions, and other metal fractions, e.g., in a common sorting step, using suitable process steps such as sand flotation and optical sorting. The nonmetallic, residual fractions produced during the separation may be resupplied to the main process and/or the preliminary processes at suitable points, as a function of amount and composition.

[0037] Among other things, the crude-sand fraction supplied by the above-mentioned sorting processes is already a homogeneous product, i.e., components able to fly, metals, granulate, and lint have already been separated out to a large extent. However, the crude-sand fraction may only be freed of metal particles and organic components still present by refining it. In this context, density separation may be carried out in a density-separation device. Metal separation is carried out after the density separation. In addition, an undersize fraction, in which dusts containing heavy metals are concentrated, may be separated out.

[0038] Further, example embodiments of the method of the present invention are described below.

[0039] Example embodiments of the system according to the present invention are described below. Regarding the aspects of the system according to the present invention, reference is made, in particular, to the above-mentioned explanations relating to the method of the present invention.

[0040] The present invention is explained below in detail in an exemplary embodiment, with reference to the corresponding drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041]FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram giving an overall view of the end products formed at specific times in the process of sorting the shredder residues.

[0042]FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram for the process control in the preliminary sorting processes and the main sorting process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043]FIG. 1 illustrates a flow chart of the times at which end products are produced according to the method of the present invention, during the sorting of the shredder residues. In an upstream shredding process, metal-containing wastes, e.g., those of vehicle bodies, are initially broken down by a shredder in a shredding process. A light fraction capable of flying is subsequently separated off by a suction device (light shredder fraction SLF). The heavy material stream, which remains after the suction and is not capable of flying, is separated on a permanent-magnet separator, into a ferromagnetic and a non-ferromagnetic fraction. The ferromagnetic fraction is designated as shredder scrap SS and represents the primary shredder product, which may be used directly in metallurgy. The heavy, non-ferromagnetic fraction not capable of flying is referred to as heavy shredder fraction SSF. In a further pretreatment step, ferromagnetic components still present may be separated from light shredder fraction SLF by a magnetic separator. The remaining material stream of light shredder fraction SLF and heavy shredder fraction SSF are now jointly separated as shredder residues into the desired end products.

[0044] To this end, the process control provides a preliminary process Vor_(L) for light shredder fraction SLF, a preliminary process Vor_(S) for heavy shredder fraction SSF, a joint, main process SR_(H), and a refining process V for final processing of at least a part of the primary material streams produced in preliminary processes Vor_(L), Vor_(S). According to the exemplary embodiment, fractions, which are predominantly made up of highly pure iron Fe, steel V2A, lint, sand free of organics and metals Sand_(V), granulate, cellular plastic PU, and a residue to remove, are formed as end products. In addition, a nonferrous-metal fraction NE may be separated out, which, in turn, appropriate process control allows to be divided up into fractions having nonferrous metals Cu/brass, light metals Al/Mg, and other metals. Except for the residual fraction, the end products formed may be utilized metallurgically, as materials, as raw materials, and for energy; or, in the case of the sand fraction, they may at least be stored in an orderly manner in a landfill for human-settlement waste. Refining process V may be developed, in particular, from the point of view of providing a sand fraction lacking in organics and metals Sand_(V), which may primarily be used as an aggregate in blast-furnace processes, cement plants, or brickkilns, etc., but at least allows storage in a landfill for human-settlement waste in accordance with the Technical Instructions on Waste from Human Settlements as of the year 2005. To this end, sand fraction (Sand_(V)) may have at least the following characteristics:

[0045] a loss on ignition of <30 wt. %

[0046] a total organic carbon fraction of <18 wt. %

[0047] a Cl content of <1.5 wt. %

[0048] a Zn content of <1.0 wt. %

[0049] a Cu content of <0.2 wt. %

[0050] a Pb content of <0.1 wt. %

[0051] The process steps described below allow, in particular, the separation of a sand fraction Sand_(V) from the heterogeneous shredder residues, which meets the above-mentioned specification.

[0052]FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic flow diagram of components of the system for sorting the shredder residues, as well as the respective intermediate or end products produced at these components during the process control. In order to retain an overall view, the end products produced during the process are arranged in the center. Preliminary process Vor_(L) for sorting light shredder fraction SLF is schematically represented in the upper left portion, preliminary process Vor_(S) for sorting heavy shredder fraction SSF is represented in the upper right portion, main process SR_(H) is displayed in the center of the lower portion, and refining process V is represented in the lower left portion of the drawing.

[0053] Heavy shredder fraction SSF is initially subjected to two-stage Fe and V2A separation by permanent-magnet separator PM_(S) 1. After Fe and V2A separation, the residual stream is classified, and fractions NE_(S) containing nonferrous metals are separated out. This may be accomplished, for example, by initial classification into different fractions, e.g., greater than and less than 20 mm, and by separate feeding of each fraction to metal separator MA_(S) 1. It is possible to have additional classification steps. In this context, it may be provided to achieve as clean a material separation as possible into fractions NE_(S) containing nonferrous metals, and remaining fractions NM_(S) lacking in metals. Classifier K_(S) 1 also provides for fractions NM_(S), which are lacking in metals and which may have a particle diameter <6 mm, being separated out into a sand fraction Sand_(S).

[0054] Remaining coarse-grained fraction NM_(S) lacking in metals is subsequently separated by a density-separation device D_(S) 1 into a heavy-material fraction SG_(S) and a high-density residual fraction Residue. This may prevent materials, which are still highly abrasive and have sharp edges, such as balls of high-grade steel, from being present in the shredding chamber during the further treatment of heavy-material fraction SG_(S) in downstream shredding units. In addition, a metal separator may be installed again at this position, in order to separate out the last solid, wear-promoting, metallic contaminants. In summary, preliminary process Vor_(S) accordingly may yield an iron fraction Fe, a steel fraction V2A, a fraction NE_(S) containing nonferrous metals, a sand fraction Sand_(S), and a heavy-material fraction SG_(S).

[0055] In preliminary process Vor_(L), a cellular-plastic fraction PU, which is predominantly made up of the polyurethane that is highly capable of flying, is initially separated from light shredder fraction SLF in suction device AB_(L) 1. The separated pieces of cellular plastic are pneumatically transported into a press container, where they are automatically compressed. This fraction may be directly utilized or optionally undergo a further refining step.

[0056] The remaining fraction is broken down in a first shredding unit Z_(L) 1, and indeed in such a manner, that a discharge of unit Z_(L) 1 contains particles having a diameter, e.g., <50 mm. In order to keep the load on shredding unit Z_(L) 1 as small as possible, a classifier may be positioned upstream from it, in order to separate out and supply a fraction having a diameter, e.g., >50 mm. An iron fraction Fe and a steel fraction V2A are separated from the shredded fraction by a permanent-magnet separator PM_(L) 1. Remaining non-ferromagnetic fraction NF_(L) is now supplied to a second shredding unit Z_(L) 2, in which the material is broken down further. In this context, a discharge of shredding unit Z_(L) 2 may be, e.g., <10 mm. In this case, the infeed of shredding unit Z_(L) 2 may also be limited to a fraction having a diameter, e.g., >10 mm, using a classifier.

[0057] In an additional classifier K_(L) 1 a fine-grained sand fraction Sand_(L) is separated from the now effectively broken-down, non-ferromagnetic fraction NF_(L). The particle size of sand fraction Sand_(L) may be set to, e.g., <4 mm. The remaining fraction is subjected to air sifting and density separation in a suitable device D_(L) 1. In device D_(L) 1, a light fraction made up of lint is blown over a heavy-material trap by a cross-current sifter. Due to being previously transported on a vibrating conveyor, the heavier material has already settled to the bottom, so that the underlying heavy fraction automatically falls down into a heavy-material discharge (heavy-material fraction SG_(L)). In summary, the end products and intermediate products of cellular-plastic pieces PU, iron Fe, steel V2A, sand Sand_(L), and heavy material SG_(L) may be provided in preliminary process Vor_(L). The dust and sludges, which contain heavy metals and organic substances and are produced during the processing in shredding units Z_(L) 1 and Z_(L) 2, are fed to residual fraction Residue.

[0058] In main process SR_(H), sand fractions Sand_(L) and Sand_(S) are initially combined into a common, crude-sand fraction Sand_(H). In order to achieve the above-mentioned specifications for the raw-material utilization as an aggregate material, crude-sand fraction Sand_(H) may have to be split up further. In this context, it may be provided that refined sand fraction Sand_(V) contain sufficiently high fractions of oxides of the elements iron, aluminum, silicon, and calcium, which may replace the primary raw materials. In addition, the concentration of potential process or product impurities may be kept as low as possible. Depending on the application, examples of impurities of the type mentioned include the metals copper, zinc, lead, and chromium, but also sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Furthermore, the fraction of organics, e.g., the fraction of halogen-containing plastics, may be sufficiently reduced. Therefore, such a refined sand fraction Sand_(V) may satisfy the requirements of the Technical Instructions on Waste from Human Settlements already (requirements as of 2005), for a material to be stored in a landfill for human-settlement waste.

[0059] A dust fraction NE_(dust) made up of the finest undersize material and organic fractions highly capable of flying is initially separated from crude-sand fraction Sand_(H) by an air separator WS_(V). Dust fraction NE_(dust) contains, e.g., heavy-metal dusts and is fed to the residual-material fraction for disposal.

[0060] The heavy fraction of air separator WS_(V) is fed to an air-settling table (density-separation device D_(V)). A light, residual fraction Residue_(org) rich in organics is separated out there. This may be removed from the process directly and combined with residual fraction Residue. The remaining heavy fraction is then freed from residual metallic components, predominantly nonferrous metals (nonferrous-metal fraction NE_(V)), in an all-metal separator MA_(V). Nonferrous-metal fraction NE_(V) may be transferred to the nonferrous-metal separation or sorting. In summary, during refining process V, crude-sand fraction Sand_(H) is therefore separated into a dust fraction NE_(dust), nonferrous-metal fraction NE_(V), a residual fraction Residue_(org) rich in organics, and a sand fraction Sand_(V) free of organics and metals.

[0061] Heavy-material fractions SG_(L) and SG_(S) are also combined into a common heavy-material fraction SG during main process SR_(H). They are subsequently broken down again in a further shredding unit Z_(H) 1. A discharge of shredding unit Z_(H) 1 may be designed to be, e.g., <8 mm. Shredding unit Z_(H) 1 may take the form of an impeller breaker, in order that the material is optimally broken down at this position. After the shredding, density separation takes place on air-settling tables (density-separation device D_(H) 1) . The light fraction separated off is predominantly made up of plastic in granular form. If desired, the granulate may be processed further in an additional refining process. Remaining, heavy fraction NE_(H) is mostly made up of nonferrous metals, mainly copper strands. Therefore, fraction NE_(H) may already be removed from the process at this point, or it may also be combined with nonferrous-metal fraction NE_(S) into a common fraction NE, and be jointly sorted.

[0062] Fraction NE containing nonferrous metals may be sorted by a sand flotation system SF1 and an optical sorter OS1. Sand flotation allows a light-metal fraction predominantly made up of aluminum Al and magnesium Mg to be separated from a heavy-metal fraction in a dry mechanical manner. It should be noted that the sand used here as a separation medium has nothing to do with the fraction “Sand” separated from the shredder residues. The heavy metals sink into the sand bed, while the light metals float on the sand bed. An upper stream containing light metals and the lower stream enriched with the heavy metals are separated by a separating partition. The metal concentrates are separated again from separating medium Sand in a process step belonging to sand flotation. Separated aluminum and magnesium fraction Al/Mg may optionally be separated to a further extent.

[0063] The separated heavy fraction (in particular zinc Zn, copper Cu, brass, lead Pb, and possibly V4A steel) is separated into the nonferrous metals copper/brass and other metals, using optical sorter OS1. Depending on the amount and composition, any nonmetallic residues produced may be fed in at a suitable position, such as, in this case, into preliminary process Vor_(L). In summary, an Al/Mg fraction, a Cu/brass fraction, a fraction having other metals, a granulate fraction, and a crude-sand fraction Sand_(H) are provided in the main process SR_(H) having subsequent nonferrous-metal separation. As previously mentioned, crude-sand fraction Sand_(H) is further refined or purified in refining process V, so that sand fraction Sand_(V) free of organics and metals is produced as an end product.

[0064] List of Reference Symbols

[0065] AB_(L) 1 suction device (separation of cellular-plastic fraction)

[0066] Al/Mg light-metal fraction

[0067] Cu/brass nonferrous metal fraction

[0068] D_(H) 1, D_(L) 1, D_(S) 1, D_(V) density-separation devices

[0069] Fe iron fraction

[0070] Lint lint fraction

[0071] Granulate granulate fraction

[0072] K_(L) 1, K_(S) 1 classifiers

[0073] MA_(S) 1, MA_(V) metal separator/all-metal separator

[0074] NE, NE_(H), NE_(L), NE_(S), fractions containing nonferrous metals

[0075] NE_(dust), NE_(V)

[0076] NF_(L) non-ferromagnetic fraction

[0077] NM_(S) fraction lacking in metals

[0078] OS1 optical sorter

[0079] PM_(L) 1, PM_(S) 1 permanent-magnet separator

[0080] PU cellular-plastic fraction

[0081] Residue, Residue_(org) residual (organic) fractions

[0082] Sand_(H) crude-sand fraction

[0083] Sand_(L), Sand_(S) sand fractions of the preliminary processes

[0084] Sand_(V) sand fraction free of organics and metals

[0085] SF1 sand flotation system

[0086] SG, SG_(L), SG_(S) heavy-material fractions

[0087] SLF light shredder fraction

[0088] other metals fraction having other metals

[0089] SR_(H) main process

[0090] SS shredder scrap

[0091] SSF heavy shredder fraction

[0092] V refining process for the crude sand

[0093] V2A steel fraction

[0094] Vor_(L) preliminary process for the light shredder fraction

[0095] Vor_(S) preliminary process for the heavy shredder fraction

[0096] WS_(V) air separator

[0097] Z_(L) 1, Z_(L) 2, Z_(H) 1 shredding units 

1-25. (Canceled).
 26. A method for sorting shredder residue of metal-containing waste, comprising: separating the shredder residue into a shredder light fraction and a non-ferromagnetic fraction; producing a crude-sand fraction during sorting of the shredder light fraction and the shredder heavy fraction in preliminary processes and a main process by extracting at least one ferromagnetic fraction, a fraction containing nonferrous metals, a fiber fraction and a granulate fraction; and separating in a refining process the crude-sand fraction into a residual fraction rich in organics, a dust fraction containing heavy metals, a sand fraction depleted in organics and metals and a nonferrous-metal fraction by the successive density separation and metal separation.
 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the metal-containing waste includes waste of vehicle bodies.
 28. The method according to claim 26, further comprising subjecting the shredder light fraction to a further pretreatment by a magnetic separator to separate out residual, ferromagnetic fractions.
 29. The method according to claim 26, wherein one of the preliminary processes includes separating, using a pretreated, shredder light fraction as a starting point, ferromagnetic fractions, a fine-grained sand fraction and a fiber fraction from a coarse-grained, heavy-material fraction by shredding, metal separation, classification and density separation.
 30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the one of the preliminary processes includes separating a cellular-plastic fraction from the pretreated, shredder light fraction by a suction device.
 31. The method according to claim 29, wherein the shredding and classification yield the heavy-material fraction having a diameter of 4 to 10 mm.
 32. The method according to claim 26, wherein one of the preliminary processes includes separating at least a fraction containing nonferrous metals, a fine-grained sand fraction and a high-density residual fraction from the non-ferromagnetic fraction by metal separation, classification and density separation.
 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the classification yields the heavy-material fraction having a diameter of 6 mm.
 34. The method according to claim 26, wherein the main process includes: breaking down heavy-material fractions by a shredding unit; and separating the heavy-material fractions by a density-separation device into the granulate fraction and an enriched fraction containing nonferrous metals.
 35. The method according to claim 34, wherein the main process includes combining sand fractions are combined into a common, crude-sand fraction.
 36. The method according to claim 34, further comprising combining metal fractions to form a common metal fraction.
 37. The method according to claim 26, further comprising separating the residual fraction containing organics from a remaining crude-sand fraction by a density-separation device.
 38. The method according to claim 26, further comprising separating metals from the crude-sand fraction.
 39. The method according to claim 26, wherein the crude-sand fraction separating step includes separating the dust fraction containing heavy metals prior to the density separation.
 40. The method according to claim 26, further comprising integrating the nonferrous-metal fraction produced during separation in the refining process into a sorting process of the nonferrous-metal fraction as a function of amount and composition.
 41. A system for sorting shredder residue of metal-containing waste, the shredder residue including a shredder light fraction and a non-ferromagnetic fraction, comprising: an arrangement configured to produce, during sorting of the shredder light fraction and the non-ferromagnetic fraction, a crude-sand fraction by extraction of at least one ferromagnetic fraction, a fraction containing nonferrous metals, a fiber fraction and a granulate fraction; and an arrangement configured to separate, in a refining process, the crude-sand fraction into a residual fraction rich in organics, a dust fraction containing heavy metals, a sand fraction depleted in organics and metals and a metallic fraction by successive density separation and metal separation.
 42. The system according to claim 41, wherein the metal-containing waste includes waste of vehicle bodies.
 43. The system according to claim 41, further comprising a magnetic separator configured to separate residual ferromagnetic fractions from the shredder light fraction.
 44. The system according to claim 41, further comprising in succession in the preliminary process and arranged to process a pretreated, shredder light fraction: a first shredding unit configured to break down the shredder light fraction; at least one magnetic separator configured to separate at least one ferromagnetic fraction from a non-ferromagnetic fraction; a second shredding unit configured to break down the non-ferromagnetic fraction; at least one classifier configured to separate out a fine-grained sand fraction; and at least one density-separation device configured to separate a remaining fraction into the fiber fraction and a coarse-grained, heavy-material fraction.
 45. The system according to claim 44, further comprising a suction device configured to separate out a cellular-plastic fraction.
 46. The system according to claim 41, further comprising in succession and arranged to process the non-ferromagnetic faction in the preliminary process a metal separator and at least one classifier configured to separate out at least one enriched fraction containing nonferrous metals, a heavy-material fraction and a fine-grained sand fraction depleted in metals.
 47. The system according to claim 41, further comprising in the main process and arranged to process material streams from the initial processes: an arrangement configured to combine sand fractions to form a common, crude-sand fraction; an arrangement configured to combine heavy-material fractions into a common, heavy-material fraction; a shredding unit configured to break down the common, heavy-material fraction; and a subsequent density-separation device configured to separate the granulate fraction and an enriched fraction containing nonferrous metals from the broken-down, heavy-material fraction.
 48. The system according to claim 41, wherein the arrangement configured to separate in the refining process the crude-sand fraction includes a density-separation device and an all-metal separator.
 49. The system according to claim 48, further comprising an air separator configured to separate out a dust fraction.
 50. The system according to claim 48, further comprising an arrangement configured to feed the metallic fraction produced during separation in the refining process into a sorting process of the fraction containing nonferrous metals.
 51. A method for sorting crude sand from shredder residues of metal-containing waste, comprising: separating the shredder residue into a shredder light fraction and a non-ferromagnetic fraction; producing a crude-sand fraction during sorting of the shredder light fraction and the shredder heavy fraction in preliminary processes and a main process by extracting at least one ferromagnetic fraction, a fraction containing nonferrous metals, a fiber fraction and a granulate fraction; separating in a refining process the crude-sand fraction into a residual fraction rich in organics, a dust fraction containing heavy metals, a sand fraction depleted in organics and metals and a nonferrous-metal fraction by the successive density separation and metal separation; and separating a sand fraction depleted in organics and metals as a raw-material as configured as one of an aggregate in cement plants and sintering plants of blast-furnace operations and an aggregate for manufacturing backing brick in brickkilns, the sand fraction configured to satisfy requirements for storage in landfills for human-settlement waste.
 52. The method according to claim 51, wherein the metal-containing waste includes waste of vehicle bodies.
 53. The method according to claim 51, wherein the sand fraction includes: a loss on ignition of <30 wt. %; a total organic carbon fraction of <18 wt. %; a Cl content of <1.5 wt. %; a Zn content of <1.0 wt. %; a Cu content of <0.2 wt. %; and a Pb content of <0.1 wt. %. 